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LEARN / Blockchain and shared state
Different chains. Shared questions.
Explore transactions and consensus, compare major chain models, then connect OCAP, ArcBlock Chain and DIDs.
Start this learning pathChoose a starting point
- 01Understand the layers of blockchain
From shared state and consensus to chains, OCAP and DIDs.
From mechanisms to systems16 questions
Explore the connections
Each explanation stands on its own. “Builds on” links show the background it uses.
Blockchain and shared state
Concepts, products and related approaches
- What does a blockchain let participants agree on?
Start with shared records and valid state.
- How does Bitcoin prevent an output being spent twice?
Understand UTXOs, independent validation and accumulated work.
- How does Ethereum change shared state?
Separate execution rules from consensus.
- How do Solana programs and accounts divide the work?
Understand a chain through data and execution.
- Why is consensus more than PoW or PoS?
Participation, fork choice and confirmation need separate answers.
- What does proof of work prove?
A cheap-to-check result reflects a costly search.
Builds on ↑Why is consensus more than PoW or PoS? - How does proof of stake organize validation?
Stake and protocol duties are different from identity authentication.
Builds on ↑Why is consensus more than PoW or PoS? - What does Byzantine fault tolerance tolerate?
Faults can include conflicting messages, not just silence.
Builds on ↑Why is consensus more than PoW or PoS? - Why ask about finality after seeing a transaction?
Receipt, inclusion and finalization are different states.
Builds on ↑Why is consensus more than PoW or PoS? - How does Proof of History differ from consensus?
Ordering evidence and acceptance of history are related but distinct.
Builds on ↑Why is consensus more than PoW or PoS? - Which layer does OCAP unify?
Unified chain access does not merge chains.
- How does ArcBlock Chain differ from ARC?
Separate shared on-chain records from application execution.
- Must a DID depend on a blockchain?
Identifiers and verifiable registries can combine without being synonyms.
- What is a smart contract?
Code and state executed under a blockchain’s rules.
- Are dApps and Blocklets the same thing?
Separate decentralization properties from application packaging and execution.
- How do crypto payments fit an application?
Map network transaction state to an order without conflating them.