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How does Bitcoin prevent an output being spent twice?

Understand UTXOs, independent validation and accumulated work.

  1. Unspent outputsConsumes
  2. TransactionCreates
  3. New outputs
Relationship sketch · arrows show responsibilities and connections, not a complete protocol sequence.

Bitcoin transactions consume unspent outputs and create new ones. Each output can be spent only once in the valid chain. Full nodes validate the rules independently; accumulated work helps select among valid branches.

As a teaching analogy, exchanging old tickets for new ones differs from editing an account balance. The analogy illustrates linked outputs, not a claim that an output represents a physical ticket.

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