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What does Byzantine fault tolerance tolerate?
Faults can include conflicting messages, not just silence.
Byzantine faults include arbitrary or malicious behavior, such as sending conflicting messages to different participants. Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) seeks agreement among correct participants under specified fault and network assumptions.
The Tendermint Core 0.34 documentation describes its model using a bound of less than one third Byzantine voting power. That bound is not a universal promise for every blockchain.
Two goals need separate checks: safety means correct participants do not confirm conflicting results; liveness means processing can continue under the stated conditions. Also check whether the fault bound counts nodes or voting power, and what the protocol assumes about message delays.
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Is a one-third threshold a universal guarantee?
No. It belongs to a particular protocol model and its assumptions.
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