The did: prefix identifies the URI scheme; abt selects ArcBlock’s method; the final part is the method-specific identifier. ArcBlock’s format includes role, key and hash type information. An object’s DID identifies that object; it does not mean the object owns a private key or grants permissions by itself.
The method’s encoding and supported role types are documented in Understanding DIDs. See DID at ArcBlock for the products and architecture that use it.